¹ DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTOLOGY AND ORAL PATHOLOGY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY,“SS CYRIL AND METHODIUS” UNIVERSITY, SKOPJE, R. MACEDONIA
² DEPARTMENT OF PAEDIATRIC AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, “SS CYRIL AND METHODIUS” UNIVERSITY, SKOPJE, R. MACEDONIA

Introduction: Periodontitis is a set of inflammatory diseases characterized by the loss of connective tissue attachment and supporting bone around the teeth, which results in the apical migration of the junctional epithelium and the formation of deepened periodontal pockets. If left untreated, it can lead to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth. Early diagnosis and treatment of progressive periodontitis is important because of the irreversible nature of this disease. Thus the long-term aim is the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. Clinical measurements used in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases are often of limited usefulness in that they are indications of previous periodontal disease rather than present disease activity. The development of a test for most mediators associated with periodontal disease may serve as a useful method for identifying and predicting future progression. Biochemical mediators in oral fluids such as saliva and gingival crevicular fluid are highly beneficial, due to the non-invasive and simple nature of their collection. They help in the determination of inflammatory mediator levels, as they are good indicators of inflammatory activity. This review analyzed the potential array of salivary and gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers, based on the diagnosis and prognosis of active periodontal disease.

  Key words: periodontal disease, biomarkers, gingival crevicular fluid, saliva